This study investigated the effect of greenhouse gas emission on financial performance of publicly listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria using panel data from 2014 to 2023. Ex-post facto research design was used and descriptive statistics (mean, median, minimum, maximum values and Pearson correlation) and inferential statistics (random effect model) were employed.  The variables of interests include financial performance (measured by return on assets) and greenhouse gas emission variables (material usage, energy emission and water usage).  The random effect model revealed that material usage has a significant negative effect on return on asset, indicating that higher material sustainability efforts may reduce short-term profitability. Conversely, water usage and energy emission had significant positive effects on return on asset, suggesting that efficient water management and energy emission enhance financial performance of publicly listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria.  The study recommends amongst others that With WUE positively impacting ROA, firms should intensify efforts to adopt water-efficient technologies and conservation practices. Policymakers and environmental regulators should support and incentivize water management initiatives within the manufacturing sector.

Keyword: Greenhouse gas emission, Water usage, Energy emission, Financial performance, Return on asset