Nigeria’s persistent infrastructure deficit remains a critical impediment to its economic growth, sustainable development, and global competitiveness. Despite multiple public sector interventions, constrained fiscal capacity, rising debt burdens, and systemic inefficiencies have limited the impact of traditional government-led infrastructure delivery. In response, Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have emerged as a strategic alternative for mobilizing private sector investment, enhancing project efficiency, and accelerating infrastructure expansion. This study critically investigates the effectiveness, challenges, and prospects of PPPs in Nigeria, with a focus on high-impact projects across key sectors such as transportation and energy. Adopting a mixed-methods research design, the study combines a comprehensive review of policy documents and academic literature with semi-structured interviews involving government officials, private investors, development finance experts, and civil society stakeholders. Case studies of selected PPP projects were evaluated using performance metrics including cost-efficiency, risk-sharing structures, and service delivery outcomes. The analysis reveals that while PPPs have contributed to infrastructure development in Nigeria—evidenced by improved service delivery and innovation in some projects—their potential is undermined by regulatory ambiguities, weak institutional capacity, poor project preparation, and governance deficits. The study concludes that a more robust and transparent PPP framework, strengthened by institutional reforms, stakeholder engagement, and innovative financing mechanisms, is essential for unlocking Nigeria’s infrastructure potential. By strategically leveraging PPPs and aligning them with long-term national development priorities, Nigeria can bridge its infrastructure gap, foster inclusive economic transformation, and contribute meaningfully to global sustainable development goals.
Keywords: Public-Private Partnerships, Infrastructure Finance, Development Policy, Risk Transfer, Institutional Reform.
